Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2.
Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the amount of sugar in the blood. Without enough insulin, sugar builds up in the blood instead of being used for energy. Type 1 diabetes usually develops in childhood or adolescence and requires daily insulin injections to control blood sugar levels.
Type 2 diabetes, also known as adult-onset diabetes, occurs when the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or when the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin. This type of diabetes is more common and often associated with obesity, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet.
Treatment for diabetes typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight, as well as medication to control blood sugar levels. Medications for type 2 diabetes include oral medications, such as metformin, and injectable medications, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists or SGLT-2 inhibitors. People with type 1 diabetes will need to take insulin to control their blood sugar levels.
It's also important for people with diabetes to regularly check their blood sugar levels and to work closely with their healthcare provider to manage the condition.
The symptoms of diabetes can vary depending on the type of diabetes and how advanced the disease is. However, some common symptoms of diabetes include:
Frequent urination: As the body tries to get rid of excess sugar in the blood, people with diabetes may find themselves needing to urinate more frequently.
Increased thirst: High blood sugar levels can also cause increased thirst.
Fatigue: Diabetes can cause fatigue because the body is not able to properly use the glucose in the blood for energy.
Blurred vision: High blood sugar levels can cause changes in the shape of the lens of the eye, leading to blurred vision.
Slow-healing wounds: Diabetes can affect circulation, making it more difficult for wounds to heal.
Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet: Diabetes can damage the blood vessels and nerves, leading to numbness or tingling in the hands and feet.
Weight loss: Unintentional weight loss can be a sign of uncontrolled diabetes.
Darkened skin: Darkened skin can be a sign of acanthosis nigricans, which is a condition often seen in people with type 2 diabetes.
It's important to note that some people with diabetes may not experience any symptoms at all, which is why it is important for people at risk for diabetes to get regular check-ups.
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